Lithium Battery 3.2V

Definition and Voltage Characteristics

3.2V lithium battery is a type of lithium-ion battery with a nominal voltage of generally 3.2V. This voltage value is determined by the electrochemical system inside the battery, specifically by the potential difference generated by the oxidation-reduction reaction between the positive electrode material, negative electrode material, and electrolyte. In practical use, the voltage of the battery will fluctuate within a certain range, for example, the voltage will increase during charging and decrease during discharging.

cathode material 

The common positive electrode material for 3.2V lithium batteries is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO ₄). Lithium iron phosphate has an olivine structure, which enables it to stably embed and deintercalate lithium ions during charge and discharge processes. Its advantage is high safety, as it has good thermal and chemical stability, making it less prone to dangerous situations such as thermal runaway even in abnormal situations such as overcharging, overdischarging, and short circuits. Moreover, lithium iron phosphate has a long cycle life, generally reaching more than 2000 charge and discharge cycles, which makes it perform well in applications that require long-term stable power supply, such as energy storage systems.

Negative electrode material

Graphite is usually used as the negative electrode material. Graphite has a layered structure, and lithium ions can be embedded and deintercalated between these layers, thereby achieving the charging and discharging functions of the battery. It has good conductivity, can effectively conduct electrons, and has good compatibility with the electrolyte, which is beneficial for the stable operation of the battery.

electrolyte

The electrolyte is mainly composed of lithium salts and organic solvents. The commonly used lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF ₆), which can provide lithium ions and is a key component for ion conduction inside batteries. Organic solvents include ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), etc. Their function is to dissolve lithium salts and ensure that lithium ions can move smoothly between the positive and negative electrodes inside the battery. The performance of the electrolyte has a significant impact on the performance of the battery, such as its ion conductivity, stability, etc., which can affect the charging and discharging efficiency and lifespan of the battery.

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